Interaction of Radial Velocity Flow and Magnetic Flux in Emerging Active Regions of the Sun

In this article, the authors investigate the physical processes involved in the formation of active regions (AR). Specifically, the magnetic flux emergence (magnetic tube) hypothesis is tested based on direct observations of the magnetic field and Doppler shifts obtained from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) ground-based telescope network. The study encompasses the analysis of 24 emerging ARs observed during the period from 2011 to 2022. A strong correlation between magnetic flux and the downward radial velocity flow was found. The results indicate that the magnetic flux emergence hypothesis cannot fully explain the evolution of ARs during the early stages of their development.