A layer-by-layer phase analysis of an iron-manganese crust aged about 70 million years, extracted from the rise of the Magellan Mountains of the Pacific Ocean, was carried out using a complex of physical methods: X-ray diffraction analysis, digital optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. This analysis showed that crusts are an association of many minerals of various hardness, dispersion and crystallization, between which nano-sized oxides of Fe and Mn are located, which indicates their biogenic nature. Changes in the phase composition of crusts from the lower layer to the upper layer indicate changes in the external environmental conditions during their formation.
$^1$Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University.
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