Calculation of the energy and angular distributions of secondary particles arising from proton beam irradiation

Recently, proton radiation therapy has become widespread as an effective treatment for various oncological diseases. Due to the interaction of protons with matter, a significant number of secondary particles are formed. The article examines the secondary particles that arise during proton therapy. An additional dose load outside the irradiated area is considered. Spectral, dose, and angular distributions of secondary neutrons are calculated. Calculations are performed using the GEANT4 software package. Based on the simulation results, graphs are constructed, conclusions are drawn based on them about the preferred directions of secondary neutron propagation and possible risks for people near a working accelerator are estimated. The results obtained allow us to conclude about possible health risks, as well as the need to improve safety regulations for proton radiation therapy.